Liu X (2016) Trade agreement and economic growth. South Econ J 82 (4):1374-1401 Most studies that have analyzed the effects of bilateral regressions of trade use data panels to find empirical results (see Arvis and Shepherd 2013; Fratianni and Oh 2009; Stack 2009; Vicard 2009; Son and Lee 2010; Garcia et al. 2013; Naanwaab and Diarrassouba 2013; Drzewoszewska 2014; 2014 Ravishankar and Stack; Sanora 2014; Gervais 2015; Kunroo and Azad 2015; Bujang 2016; Cipkute 2016; Eita 2016; Iqbal 2016; Liu 2016; Park and Park 2016). The creation of a regional trade agreement (RTA) significantly increases trade flows (Vicard 2009) and the impact of the RTA is amplified by time (Reyes et al. 2014). As a member of a free trade agreement, this can also increase agricultural trade (Hndi et al. 2016). In general, the agricultural sector is better protected for developing countries (Grant and Lambert 2008). Garcia E, Pabsdorf M, Herrera E (2013) Gravity model analysis: an application to MERCOSUR trade flows. J Econ-Reform 16 (4): 336-348 On the other hand, a reduction in the average tariff rate under the agreement would increase the proximity of the two countries and thus promote more trade and thus benefit the partners for the benefit of the trade agreement. Free trade agreements are concluded by two or more countries that want to seal economic cooperation between them and agree on each other`s trade conditions. In the agreement, Member States expressly state tariffs and tariffs, of which tariff A is a form of tax levied on imported goods or services.

Tariffs are a common element of international trade. Priority targets to impose on Member States in terms of imports and exports. The free trade area and the customs union deal with both tariffs and trade. However, they differ in many respects. Grant J, Lambert D (2008) Do regional trade agreements increase members` agricultural trade? At J Agric Econ 90 (3): 765-782 The research concept of this study follows a descriptive causal approach. The descriptive aspect will focus on a historical account of the various measurable factors that explain trade between the Philippines and Japan. This requires support tables or diagrams of relevant variables that condition trade between the two (2) countries, as well as appropriate descriptive statistics. A qualitative analysis is carried out. Outsourcing jobs in developing countries can become a trend with a free trade area. Due to the lack of health and safety legislation in many countries, workers may be forced to work in unsanitary and below-average work environments. Jarreau J (2015) Determinants of trade policy: insights from a structural gravity model. However, since President Trump took office, the United States has shifted its trade policy from multilateral and regional trade agreements to bilateral trade agreements.

In short, the United States withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), renegotiated the North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico, and imposed retaliatory duties on a large number of goods to impose concessions on their unfair trade practices.